In the old days, a woman's outfit could fully characterize her. Each class and area of residence had its own peculiar elements. From the outfit and the headdress, it was possible to find out whether the girl was married or not, whether she was rich or belonged to the lower class, even women wore different clothes at different age periods of their lives.
In the article we will look at what ancient hats existed, who wore them, how they differed, who they belonged to. After all, it was with the help of a headdress that a woman tried to look spectacular, to attract the attention of others, so they were carefully decorated and beautifully embroidered.
Kosnik
Young girls used to make braids in the old days. The only decoration of such a hairstyle was a braid. The most popular shape of this ancient headdress was triangular.
They made it from birch bark and sheathed it with cloth, provided it with ribbons on the sides, on which the product was attached to the base of the girl's braid. To draw attention to his person, the kosnik was diligently decoratedembroidery, beads, various pendants, lace details.
Crown
Traditionally, young girls weren't supposed to cover their heads completely. Therefore, the next ancient headdress used by unmarried girls in Russia was a crown. It is also called a hoop or bandage on the forehead, bangs (from the fact that the bandage was worn on the forehead, forehead).
With such a dress, the hair remained visible. Guys could admire beautiful girlish braids. They decorated it in different ways. They made embroidery, clung to various pendants and rings, metal medallions. Decorated with ribbons and a piece of brocade. It could be a simple rectangle cut out of birch bark or linden bark, a scarf folded in the form of a strip. The only requirement is that the hair does not close. After all, only married women hid their braids under a scarf. The girls could not cover their heads even on frosty days.
Crown
Such an old headdress was worn by girls on especially solemn and festive days. The product was made on the basis of a metal frame. Outwardly, it resembled a crown, hence its name. On the crown, teeth were made, the so-called towns, which resemble a crown to modern people. Such crowns were high, up to 10 cm in height, especially in the forehead area, which very effectively emphasized the girl's appearance.
Depending on the we alth of her family, different decorations were also used. It could be pearls and precious stones, beads and simple embroidery. Potential suitors at the celebrations, of course, paid special attention to them. Often, after such holidays, matchmakers were sent to the brides' house.
Vintage headwear for married women
During the wedding ritual, the bridesmaids untwisted her braid and did an adult hairstyle. This action was accompanied by crying and lamentations about the loss of freedom and beloved girlfriend, who now will not have time for them at all. After the wedding, the woman had to cover her head. There were several traditional headdresses for married women in the old days. These are the famous kokoshniks, warriors, kichki (horned, hoof-shaped and spade-shaped), shlyks and capturas, magpies and podkapki. Consider the ancient headdresses of married women in Russia in more detail.
Kokoshnik
This is a tall and embroidered headdress worn by ancient Russians on holidays. The origin of the word is due to the old Russian word - "kokosh" (rooster). The shape of this ancient Russian headdress really resembles the crest of this majestic bird. Some historians believe that such a headdress has Byzantine roots. After all, then there were close ties between Russia and Byzantium.
Kokoshniki had different shapes: semicircular, triangular, pointed and thin, similar to a girl's crown. They decorated them depending on their social status. They were worn both on scarves and just on the head, but completely hidden hair was a prerequisite for married women.
Kichka
Name "kichka orkika" - the ancient headdress of women - comes from the Old Slavonic term "kyka", which meant hair. This is the most ancient headdress of Slavic women. that the height of the kichka sometimes reached 30 cm, and women had to hold their heads very evenly so that the weight of the headdress did not tilt it down. There was a custom to put on the kichka only after the birth of the first child.
The first mention of such an old headdress of Russian married women was found by historians in one of the documents dated 1328. Kichka covered her hair. In its front part there was a solid piece made of birch bark and even planks, sometimes pieces of dense matter were inserted there, folded in several rows and stitched together.
They made them in different shapes: shoulder blades, hooves, horns. The back part was covered with a cloth, the slap was embroidered and decorated with beads. The braids were placed around the head and hidden under the kichka. Later, the priests were forbidden to visit the church by women in horned kichkas, since such a headdress was considered pagan.
At first they wore a horned kichka, gradually it grew into a spade-shaped and in the form of a hoof. The forehead part of such a headdress had the shape of a horseshoe or hoof and was covered with a beautifully decorated fabric. Attached suchpart around the head, over the "hat" with the help of laces, ribbons. It was believed that such a horseshoe on the head would protect the owner from a bad look. There was a tradition to hang horseshoes over the doorway, this was done for the same purpose.
Povoinik
One of the most common ancient headdresses of Russian women is a warrior. It looks like a cap that covers the hair completely. This type of dress has been known since the 13th century. They made it from colored material. It was considered the lower element; an ubrus, or kokoshnik, or magpie was always put on top of it. And since the 19th century, it has been actively used as an independent part of the women's toilet.
Made it for all occasions. There were homemade warriors made of simple fabric, without any decorations. For the holidays, they put on products decorated with embroidery, glass beads, braid, and beads. A festive version was made from brocade, satin or silk, winter versions were sewn from velvet and cashmere. Some warriors are shaped like modern children's caps, which were tied at the back of the head or under the chin with ribbons.
There is another kind of warriors - the product is made of one single piece of matter, which was gathered into folds on the crown of the head and tightened with a braid on the back of the head.
Magpie
Such an interesting headdress has been used since the 17th century, mainly by residents of the Tula province. Many historians call this type of ancient headdress of Russian women a kind of kik.
The headdress was named because of the similarity with the famous bird. There were also bright "wings" and a back, similar to a tail, which was made folded. Outwardly, the back of such a headdress resembled the plumage of a peacock. They put on his dress on holidays, decorating it with special bright rosettes made of ribbons, worn on the back of the poneva. The magpie was worn by women who had recently married, and about 2-3 years after the wedding. In Tula museums, one can see numerous types of such a bright and beautiful outfit. In the article, we examined in detail the main ancient headdresses that Russian women fell in love with. Many are still used by fashion designers around the world.
