When did the first hairstyle appear? This probably happened on the day when Eve bit into an apple and became keenly interested in the appearance of her hair. Historians also do not know in what year and on what day the first hairdresser appeared, although they have been struggling with this issue for many years. However, every autumn, namely on September 13, masters of hair dryers, combs, tongs and scissors celebrate their professional holiday. Despite the fact that it is still very early, let's get ready for a significant day and go on a short excursion through the pages of the history of hairstyles and hairdressing. But before that, we suggest watching a short video about how the fashion for the female image was established.
Primitive society
Surprisingly, even from the burials of mammoth hunters, archaeologists dig up bone combs. Just look how luxurious the hairstyles look on the sculptural images found in M alta, Willendorf and Buret.
Headbands were used as decorations. It is possible that on the headthey put on wreaths woven from flowers, but such accessories, of course, did not survive. For fixation, clay or oils were applied to the hair in primitive times. In the history of hairstyles, it has been mentioned more than once about the use of special stands so that during sleep you do not accidentally spoil the styling.
The hair of primitive women sometimes fell over their shoulders, sometimes they were laid in parallel horizontal rows or lay in zigzag ledges. They also used ropes or straps to create their hair.
Ancient Hellas
Inhabitants of these lands, working with hair, were guided by the principles of harmony and aesthetics, focusing on the integrity of the image and respect for proportions. Hairstyles in ancient Greece were a reflection of the position in society. To create them, calamist slaves were involved, who occupied a special place in the homes of the we althy population. Specially trained people came up with exquisite compositions, trying to emphasize the natural beauty of the hair and the perfection of the body structure of their "client".
During the archaic period, naturally curly Greeks preferred simple lines and silhouettes. Long curls were curled into a spiral with the help of metal rods - "calamis". Then they were laid in low bundles, picked up with diadems, ribbons and hoops, and the free ends were lowered onto the shoulders. However, the most popular hairstyle of Ancient Greece was the double-ring braid around the head.
Later curls came into fashion, laid over the forehead like a bow, as shown on the statue of Apollo Belvedere.
As for women, they preferred the hetaera hairstyle (an option with strands that are tightly laid on the back of the head). Soon it was complicated by numerous modifications of the corimbos, in other words, the frame, or "Greek knot".
Ancient Rome
The population of one of the strongest states of antiquity took the Greek images as a basis, but eventually modified them.
During the period of the Republic, the Romans had simple hairstyles, somewhat reminiscent of the "Greek knot". The curls were divided by a straight parting into two parts, and at the back they were gathered into a voluminous bun. Also in fashion was the "nodus" - a roller of hair made over the forehead, and the rest of the strands were gathered at the back, as in the previous version.
Unlike Greek women, Roman women led an active lifestyle, sometimes ruled the people, standing behind their sons and husband. They had in front of whom and where to show off. If under the Republic, hair was styled modestly, then during the period of the Empire, ancient Roman hairstyles became more complicated and became taller. Women braided various types of braids, curled or laid in several rows on a frame made of copper wire. This is how the tutulus hairstyle was born. A cone-shaped cap could serve as an addition to such a structure on the head.
The trendsetters were most often emperors (for men) and empresses (for women). For example, Agrippina the Younger (wife of Claudius and mother of Nero) wore a light bang on her forehead with two hemispheres created from parallel strips of curled strands. Serpentine curls cascaded down each side of the neck.
Fashionchanged so quickly that girls from noble families had to update the styling several times a day. As one of the poets of that time wrote, it is easier to count the number of acorns on a branchy oak than the hairstyles of Roman women.
Separately, it is worth mentioning about men. In the period of the Republic, their hair was cut to the earlobes and slightly curled at the ends, and bangs fell down to the middle of the forehead. During the Empire, the strong sex imitated the emperors. For example, under Octavian Augustus, curling went out of fashion and hair became straight.
Men's wigs were popular. But most often with their help, the elderly Romans masked their baldness. S-shaped bangs have also come into fashion. Among the legionnaires, the hedgehog haircut was very popular.
Ancient Egypt
The inhabitants of a state in northeast Africa were not only excellent builders, mathematicians, doctors, astronomers, but also hairdressers. However, in those days such a word did not even exist. And if the clothes were as simple as possible - a piece of fabric draped over the shoulders, wrapped around the body and tied at the hips, then the Egyptians' hairstyles were particularly complex.
Poor, humble and young people had their own curls. Pharaohs, priests, queens and officials always wore false hair. The natural wigs of Ancient Egypt (the most expensive of all time) were made from human strands, while the artificial wigs were made from ropes, plant fibers, threads and animal hair. Hair extensions have always been dark shades, and only in the last centuries of Egyptian civilization did they become multi-colored.
Because the climate in Africa is quite hot, men and women had to shave their heads. To avoid sunstroke, two wigs were often worn, which were put on top of each other. A layer of air formed between them, protecting a person from heat stroke.
Women's false hair came in a variety of shapes - ball-shaped, teardrop-shaped, "three-part" (strands descended to the back and chest), with a flat top and curls, divided into two parts and evenly trimmed tips.
A feature of the clergy (priests) were not only huge masks of sacred animals, but also wigs of the same size.
This concludes the history of hairstyles of the Ancient World and sets off for a new era.
Middle Ages
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, short haircuts went out of fashion for a long time. Men cut their hair to shoulder length or slightly higher, as long curls were the privilege of the nobility. Above the forehead, the strands were intercepted with a metal hoop or strap, which was often decorated with precious stones.
Young women and girls loosened their braids as airy curls created with heated tongs came into fashion. Married ladies covered their heads with a cap or scarf. Only her husband had the right to admire and admire the beauty of her hair. The only striking element was the headdress. These were veils and bonnets of various shapes. By the way, it is worth saying that all the hairs that peeked out from under the headdress were always shaved.
Baroque era
In the first decades of the 17th century inmen's fashion still has short haircuts. However, already in the 20-30s, the stronger sex switched to long hair, which was curled and tied with bows. During the reign of Louis XIV, a similar hairstyle remained, but with one significant difference - use not your own, but artificial hair. It is believed that it was the Sun King who introduced men's wigs into fashion. However, the innovation was associated with an unfortunate fact - the monarch was bald. After that, false hair was worn not only by Louis XIV, but by all courtiers.
Well, the most popular female hairstyle of the Baroque era was the fountain.
According to legend, it was invented by one of the king's favorites. During the hunt, when her hair was disheveled, she collected it on top of her head in a high bun and tied it with a garter with jewels. The monarch was delighted with what he saw and complimented Angelique de Fontange. After that, all the ladies of the court began to decorate their heads in this way. Various variations were invented, but the main feature was the height and the use of a large number of accessories: to create a fontange hairstyle, a lot of jewelry, silk ribbons and lace decorations were required.
Rococo era
Continues the story of an artistic style that conveys lightness, grace, delicacy and subtle fragility. They wore "ke": curled curls, combed to the back of the head in a ponytail and tied with a black ribbon. Then the free ends began to be removed in a velvet bag. This is how the "a la burse" hairstyle appeared.
The most famousmasters in the rococo era were: Daj, Lasker and Legros. The last one was the most prominent. He developed the basics of hair styling and hairdressing technology. It was Legros who introduced the principle that styling should match the shape of the face, head and even figure.
It was fashionable to decorate curls with ostrich feathers and natural flowers, and so that they would not fade, a bottle of water was installed in the hair.
Empire style
According to the history of the development of hairstyles, the French Revolution put an end to the "revelry" of the Rococo era. By the beginning of the 19th century, not only women's outfits were simplified, but also the appearance of hair - the Empire style reigned in European fashion. It can be characterized by a penchant for utilitarian and comfortable hairstyles.
In the Beauties Gallery there are canvases painted by Josef Stiller, where the style of the 19th century is most accurately conveyed. All the women depicted in his paintings were considered the standard of beauty of those times. If you pay attention, then each had different versions of the same hairstyle: the hair is divided into 2 parts with a straight parting, the curls are laid on the sides or gathered in a neat bun in the parietal zone of the head.
Towards the end of the 19th century, fashion favors minimalism, and styling takes on a concise form.
Bold trends of the 20s
The history of hairstyles takes us to the beginning of the twentieth century, which girls met with complex styling and long hair. However, the development of cinema has completely changed the world. So, the image has lost its feminine romance, and for the first time appearshort haircuts symbolizing independence, victory and freedom.
The following factors influenced the decision to cut long hair:
- The First World War. The girls went to the front, it became more difficult to care for curls in the field.
- The development of art. For the first time, a French silent film actress appears on the screens with a short model haircut.
However, not every girl decided to cut her hair, since such an image was condemned by the church, and the conservative leadership immediately deprived of work.
The era of blondes
Thanks to the American actress Jean Harlow, the history of hairstyles has been replenished with new images: the bob has been replaced by the fashion for light curls. The sensual and attractive look of the blonde was considered the standard until the 50s. The women elegantly styled their platinum and golden hair in soft waves.
The 30s are remembered by many for their Chicago style haircuts. The main changes, of course, affected women's hairstyles:
- girls gave up too long hair, so it reached to the chin or to the shoulders;
- to emphasize sensuality, ladies began to expose their collarbones and neck - for this, owners of long curls who did not want to cut their hair had to pick up and pin them at the base;
- Chicago's style involved creating light waves, and the second styling option was curls, neatly laid out on the head, temples and forehead.
The main hairstyles of the 30s were an elongated bob and classic bob with thick bangs.
Timeexperiments
Fashion styling of the 40s - a roller formed over the frontal part of the head. The rest of the hair was removed under the net. The curls were collected in a tube, but at first they were divided into two parts with an even parting and voluminous strands were created. The short haircut has faded into the background, and inexpensive glamour has taken root in the history of hairstyles. Vivien Leigh was considered the main icon of those years. After the release of the film "Gone with the Wind", the image of the actress was copied by many women.
The 50s were marked by a single idea - the weaker sex wanted to quickly forget about the war and restore beauty by any means. This period became known for controversial images. Sexy blondes like Brigitte Bardot and Marilyn Monroe competed against hot brunette Gina Lollobrigida.
During this period, women did completely different hairstyles: wavy curls, short haircuts, volumes, smooth strands. And if it was not possible to create a styling, they used natural wigs and hairpieces.
60-70s
The image of the 60s was influenced by the hippie movement. The girls dressed up in loose clothes that harmonized with long flowing strands. But the main discovery of that period was the appearance of "babette". To create it, they used a large roller, substituted under the ponytail. For the first time, women met her thanks to Brigitte Bardot after the release of the movie "Babette Goes to War".
The next fashion trend was afro styling. After the release of the picture "The Witch" with Marina Vladimany women preferred light long curls. But the miniature model of Twiggy added fuel to the fire, which impressed the fans with an ultra-short haircut. The decade ended with the gavroche hairstyle.
In the 70s, in response to the free image of the hippie, punk style comes. The direction is characterized by multi-colored curls, a hedgehog haircut. The end of the controversial trend will be a perm, and Bob Marley brings dreadlocks and small pigtails into fashion.
The cascade era and the 90s
During this period, the history of women's hairstyles experienced a return to its former fashion. Soft waves, curls and long hair reappear. The strands are also dyed, but women increasingly prefer natural shades. The caret returns. Owners of long hair do defiant styling: the main task is to add volume, so bouffants are used. The most popular haircut is the cascade. At the heart of strands of different lengths, created using the "ladder" technique.
The last decade of the twentieth century had no clear boundaries. Outrageous and avant-garde haircuts coexist with classic styling. However, after the release of the series "Friends", all records for copying the style of your favorite characters were broken by Rachel Green's hairstyle.
Supermodel Kate Moss had a lot of followers. The girls liked to experiment with styling and weaving colored strands into braids and using various accessories.
Our days
Even after a long way of development, historyhairstyles did not know such a variety as in the 21st century. When most countries proclaimed the right to freedom of the individual and individuality, and international and territorial boundaries were erased by the Internet, people wanted to stand out from the crowd. Therefore, it is difficult to say which haircut or styling characterizes our time.
However, the general global trend can be traced. Now the color, haircut and accessories for creating hairstyles are not as important as the hair itself, its he alth and appearance. Forgotten perm, dreadlocks have sunk into oblivion. Bobs, Hollywood curls, a careless bun, a Greek braid and - at the suggestion of fashion designers - the once popular "babette" have returned to fashion.
The main hairstyles of this summer, according to stylists, will be:
- Short haircut a la garçon. Dignity - no styling.
- Pin-up.
- High hair with a diadem will be a great addition to the wedding look.
- Any variation of the caret. A great option for owners of straight sparse hair, as the density visually increases.
- Graduated haircuts. The main condition is long curls. A winning option would be the presence of highlighted strands;;
- Light wavy hair like Blake Lively, Chrissy Teigen and Mila Kunis.
The history of men's hairstyles over the past 100 years
Did the talented hairdresser of the French court Legros think that after a few centuries, descendants will easily move 100 years ago and find out how the images of the stronger sex have changed over the decades.
For several years now, a video has been popular showing the main changes in haircuts and hairstyles over the past century. In just 1.5 minutes, model Samuel Orson "tried on" 11 images that reflect changes in the appearance of men. Let's watch!
As can be seen from history, emperors, public and famous people influenced the development of hairstyles. Now, in the age of instantaneous dissemination of any information via the Internet, it is difficult to keep track of all the trends, but if you pay attention, it becomes clear that the emphasis is again on naturalness and simplicity. It doesn't matter what hairstyle is on your head, the main thing is the he alth, beauty and well-groomedness of your hair.
